Best Fire-Resistant Roof Types

tiles on a rooftop

A fire is one of the most devastating things for a homeowner to go through. It makes sense that homeowners would take every possible precaution, including fire-resistant roofing.

States like California have the highest wildfire risk, but homeowners in every state can benefit from fire-resistant roofing systems. After all, your roof is one of your home’s first defenses against external threats. Let’s unpack the best fire-resistant roof types, why they work, and what else you can do to protect your property.

Causes of Roof Fires

Fire spreads in three main ways:

  • Direct contact: Flames touching flammable materials are almost guaranteed to catch fire. This danger is why you shouldn’t let tree branches or other flammable materials touch your roof, as the flames will follow that direct path.
  • Embers or firebrands: Fires produce flaming fragments of wood or other material. When these fragments can ignite other things, they’re called firebrands. The wind carries sparks, embers, or firebrands to nearby flammable objects.
  • Radiant heat: If temperatures are hot enough, materials can spontaneously combust. Radiant heat is less likely to ignite structures than direct contact, embers, or firebrands, but it is still dangerous. Radiant heat is hazardous to living beings and can cause severe burns.

Wildfires are one of the most pressing and concerning causes of roof fires. However, roofs can catch fire due to a variety of causes, including:

  • Lightning strikes
  • Electrical issues
  • Chimney fires
  • Neighboring housefires 

What Does Fire-Resistant Mean?

Fire-resistant roof materials are either unable or unlikely to go up in flames. Since they don’t provide fuel for the fire, they limit its growth and spread. Some materials are naturally fire-resistant, while others have fire retardants added. Self-extinguishing materials will put themselves out when they are no longer in direct contact with fire.

A roof can’t be completely fireproof. Even if your roof covering can’t catch fire, other parts may be made of flammable materials, such as the roof deck or sheathing. It also may melt, warp, or collapse due to fire exposure. However, that doesn’t mean fire-resistant roofs are useless. The goal is to reduce the odds of danger and damage as much as possible.

Roof Fire-Resistance Classifications

The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) is an international organization that tests, rates, and creates safety standards for various materials. They perform fire exposure tests and classify roofing materials into these categories: 

  • Class A roofing materials hold up to severe fires
  • Class B roofing materials can handle moderate fire exposure
  • Class C roofing materials tolerate light fires
  • Unrated roofing materials are most vulnerable to fire

Class A, B, and C materials all provide some protection for the roof deck, reduce firebrands, and don’t slip or fall. However, the fire severity they can handle is what separates them. Unrated roofing materials don’t meet testing requirements and are not fire-resistant. 

Stand-alone means the roof cover material provides enough protection on its own. If a material rating includes “by assembly,” the roof must have additional protection between the roof covering and the sheathing to maintain its rating.

What Roof Classification Do You Need for Your Home?

It depends. Homes in high fire hazard severity zones are typically required to install Class A roofs. States with high fire risk, like California, provide maps of fire severity zones. Other areas with fire risk may allow Class A, B, or C materials. Even if you don’t live in an area with these requirements, consider a Class A roof for peace of mind.

A good roofing contractor can tell you the classification of a given roof material. They also can educate you about local fire safety standards. If you don’t know the classification of a roof, assume it isn’t fire-resistant. 

6 Best Fire-Resistant Roofing Materials

Now that you know about fire resistance and classifications, we’ve compiled a list of materials to consider. All these materials come in Class A versions, but individual products may vary in classification.

1. Asphalt Shingles

asphalt shingles on a roof
Photo Credit: Lex20 / Canva Pro / License

More than 80% of American houses have asphalt roofing. They come in many colors and are easy to install or repair. An asphalt shingle roof costs around $1 to $8 per square foot. Asphalt shingles made with fiberglass can earn a Class A fire-resistance rating.

However, not all asphalt shingles are fire-resistant. Organic asphalt shingles use a more flammable cellulose base. The asphalt layers will still provide some fire resistance, but organic asphalt shingles may only earn a Class B rating. Other downsides of asphalt shingles include their short lifespan and tendency to end up in landfills.

2. Clay Tiles

Photo Credit: magraphics / Canva Pro / License

This roof type has existed for thousands of years. Since the clay is baked in the creation process, it’s no surprise that it’s fire-resistant. Its non-combustible nature earns clay roofing a Class A rating. Other benefits of clay tile roofs include their durability, low maintenance needs, and energy efficiency. Choose from clay tile styles like French and Spanish roof tiles.

Though the tiles are fire-resistant, their shape may cause problems. Curved or barrel-shaped tiles have space underneath where rodents or birds could build nests. Those nests contain flammable materials and put your roof at risk. Use bird-stopping or eave closures to prevent this problem. Remember that clay roofs cost more than asphalt at $8 to $24 per square foot.

3. Concrete Tiles

Photo Credit: Visut Thepkunhanimit’s Images / Canva Pro / License

Concrete roofing tiles are quite similar to clay ones. They have a Class A fire rating and come in several colors and styles, such as flat, Spanish, and barrel tiles. You also can purchase tiles mimicking other materials like wood. Though they don’t last as long as clay tiles, they will still serve you for decades. A concrete tile roof costs $9 to $22 per square foot to install.

Though concrete is a suitable alternative to clay, it isn’t as aesthetically pleasing or long-lasting. Its heavy weight may require additional structural reinforcement before installation. Use bird-stopping or eave closures if the tile design has any gaps underneath.

4. Metal Roofing

black colored roof of a house made of metal
Main Image Credit: Volodymyr Shtun / Canva Pro / License

A metal roof provides many advantages, such as longevity, eco-friendliness, durability, weather resistance, low maintenance needs, energy efficiency, and aesthetic appeal. Metal roofing has a Class A rating because it can’t catch on fire and thus provides no fuel. Despite popular myths, metal doesn’t attract lightning any more than other roof types and doesn’t increase fire risk.

However, fire resistance does vary by metal. For example, aluminum roofs have a “by assembly” rating because they have a low melting point and need proper underlayments to meet Class A requirements. The type of metal with the highest melting point is steel. A metal roof costs between $3.91 and $30.98 per square foot, depending on the metal used.

5. Slate Roofing

Photo Credit: PaulMaguire / Canva Pro / License

A natural slate roof is made of stone, but it has many imitators. Though the real deal is expensive, slate has many benefits, like a long lifespan, energy efficiency, and easy maintenance. Of course, we wouldn’t mention it if it didn’t have a Class A fire-resistance rating. It also resists fungus and mold.

The downside of slate roofing is that it’s expensive, heavy, and requires specialized installation. Expect a slate roof to cost between $17.50 and $35 per square foot. To save money, choose a slate roof alternative, such as synthetic slate. Just look for that Class A rating so your home will still be protected.

6. Synthetic Roofing

Photo Credit: Tim Bingham / Canva Pro / License

If you like a particular material but it isn’t fire-resistant or in your budget, consider synthetic roofing. Synthetic roofs are artificially created and include materials like plastic, rubber, and polyurethane. Composite roofs are made of multiple materials, such as recycled plastic and wood. Synthetic roofs can mimic other materials like wood or slate. PVC or vinyl roofs are fire-resistant and self-extinguishing

Synthetic materials such as recycled plastic and rubber may have a Class A “by assembly” rating. While many synthetic materials have a Class A or B rating, you’ll need to check each product to see what standards it meets. Costs vary based on the specific roof material, but it tends to fall between $4 to $10 per linear foot.

How to Choose the Best Fire-Resistant Roofing For Your Home

All of the materials above are good options for a fire-resistant roof. However, it can still be challenging to decide between them. Here are some other considerations:

  • Cost: You can find a fire-resistant roof to fit any budget. Asphalt shingles are the most affordable material. On the other hand, slate roofs cost a pretty penny, especially with the added expense of structural reinforcements. You may find expensive materials worth the price based on the other considerations below.
  • Aesthetic appeal: Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. While some homeowners are happy with the subtlety of an asphalt roof, others prefer more eye-catching materials like copper. It all depends on your home’s design and personal tastes.
  • Roof design: Some materials work better on flat roofs than pitched roofs and vice versa. Steep roof pitches also increase costs. Complex roofs are more vulnerable because debris collects in intersections or under tiles. Designs that expose more siding, sheathing, windows, and skylights introduce additional risk. 
  • Lifespan: Though asphalt shingles are affordable, they only last 15 to 30 years. Long-lasting roof materials are more expensive, but you won’t need to replace them as often. Concrete, clay, and copper roofs last the longest at up to 100 years, provided they are well-maintained.
  • Resistance to bad weather: Your roof may survive a fire, but can it handle hail, wind, snow, and torrential rain? Consider what other forces of nature your roof will be up against. 
  • Insurance: Insurance may offer lower rates for homes with long-lasting, durable materials like slate or metal. Companies will be wary of insuring homes with wooden roofs, especially if you live in a fire-prone area — just another reason to switch to fire-resistant roofing. 
  • Building codes and HOA restrictions: Before you choose a material, check that it meets all building codes and HOA restrictions. The building codes focus on safety and testing standards, while HOA regulations may focus on aesthetic details like material, style, and color. Homes in wildland-urban interface zones may need to follow stricter requirements.

FAQ About Fire-Resistant Roof Types

What roofing materials are most vulnerable to fire?

Untreated wood roofs are most vulnerable to fire and typically have an unrated classification. Some jurisdictions ban the material altogether. Wood shakes or shingles may achieve a “by assembly” rating if treated with fire retardants, but it’s best not to risk it.

What about green roofs? A green roof is covered in plants, so one might assume they’re just as flammable as wood. However, it depends mainly on how the roof is designed and maintained. A well-watered green roof is less likely to catch, but a dry one could be a disaster. The California Fire Code allows green roofs as long as they are well-irrigated and keep dry vegetation to a minimum.

Can I replace my own roof?

No. The average homeowner is not equipped to replace their roof. Roof installation is dangerous, and an improperly installed roof can void warranties and insurance. Contact a trustworthy roofing professional to do the job for you.

How else can I protect my home from fires?

Roof materials aren’t the end all be all of fire safety. Even if your roof isn’t flammable, debris on top probably is. A spark could ignite dead leaves, creating more embers that could enter your home through roof vents or other openings. Clean debris off the top of your roof and any nooks and crannies. Don’t forget to clean your gutters as well.

To reduce direct contact with fire or firebrands, clean and inspect your chimney regularly. These steps will prevent chimney fires that could spread to your roof. 

Landscaping also is essential for fire protection. A poorly planned yard could lead the fire right to your door. Create a fire-resistant landscape with the following:

• Hardscapes
• Well-maintained and spaced-out plants
• Non-flammable furniture, fences, decks, and outdoor structures

How a Professional Can Help

Roof replacement and installation can be a real headache, but the benefits outweigh the costs. A new roof provides better protection for your home and boosts curb appeal. The materials above can meet the needs of homeowners in fire-prone areas, but don’t be afraid to consult with local roofing pros before you make your decision.

Main Image Credit: pastorscott / Canva Pro / License

Lauren Bryant

Lauren Bryant is a freelance writer currently based in the Pacific Northwest. She enjoys long walks and baking in her free time. With the rainy weather in her area, she understands the importance of a well-maintained, leak-free roof.